1 From Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to those temporarily residing abroad (in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, the province of Asia, and Bithynia) who are chosen2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father by being set apart by the Spirit for obedience and for sprinkling with Jesus Christ's blood. May grace and peace be yours in full measure!
- The author identifies himself as Peter, a prominent apostle of Jesus Christ, establishing authority.
- The recipients are described as "elect exiles" or "temporary residents," highlighting their dual identity: chosen by God yet living as foreigners in the Roman provinces of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey).
- This status as "exiles" likely refers to both their social alienation as Christians in a pagan society and their spiritual status as citizens of heaven awaiting their true home.
- Peter emphasizes the Trinitarian nature of salvation: chosen by the Father's foreknowledge, sanctified (set apart) by the Holy Spirit, leading to obedience to Christ and cleansing by His blood.
- "Sprinkling with Jesus Christ's blood" evokes Old Testament covenant imagery (Exodus 24:8), signifying initiation into the new covenant and purification from sin through Christ's sacrifice.
- The greeting "Grace and peace be yours in abundance" is a standard Christian blessing, wishing God's unmerited favor and holistic well-being upon the readers.
- The letter addresses believers facing hardship and social pressure due to their faith.
- The concept of God's foreknowledge underscores divine sovereignty in salvation without negating human responsibility ("obedience").