1 Now the first covenant, in fact, had regulations for worship and its earthly sanctuary.2 For a tent was prepared, the outer one, which contained the lampstand, the table, and the presentation of the loaves; this is called the Holy Place.3 And after the second curtain there was a tent called the holy of holies.4 It contained the golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant covered entirely with gold. In this ark were the golden urn containing the manna, Aaron's rod that budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant.5 And above the ark were the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat. Now is not the time to speak of these things in detail.6 So with these things prepared like this, the priests enter continually into the outer tent as they perform their duties.7 But only the high priest enters once a year into the inner tent, and not without blood that he offers for himself and for the sins of the people committed in ignorance.8 The Holy Spirit is making clear that the way into the Holy Place had not yet appeared as long as the old tabernacle was standing.9 This was a symbol for the time then present, when gifts and sacrifices were offered that could not perfect the conscience of the worshiper.10 They served only for matters of food and drink and various ritual washings; they are external regulations imposed until the new order came.
- The author begins by describing the physical setup and rituals of the Old Covenant sanctuary (the Tabernacle).
- This earthly system, though divinely ordained (Exodus 25-30), had specific regulations for worship.
- The Tabernacle was divided into two main sections: the Holy Place and the Most Holy Place, separated by a curtain (veil).
- Key items are listed: lampstand, table of showbread (presentation loaves), golden incense altar, Ark of the Covenant (containing manna, Aaron's rod, tablets of the Law), and the mercy seat with cherubim.
- Access was restricted: priests entered the Holy Place regularly, but only the High Priest entered the Most Holy Place, once a year (Day of Atonement - Yom Kippur), with blood.
- The author interprets this restricted access, guided by the Holy Spirit, as signifying that the way to God's direct presence was not fully opened under the Old Covenant.
- The Old Covenant system, with its sacrifices and rituals, is presented as symbolic ("illustration for the present time" - likely the time before Christ).
- A key limitation is highlighted: these rituals could not "perfect the conscience" of the worshiper; they dealt with external purity, not internal transformation.
- These regulations were temporary ("imposed until the time of the new order"), pointing towards a future, better system established by Christ.
- The focus on external regulations (food, drink, washings) contrasts with the internal, spiritual reality of the New Covenant.