The Bullet Point Bible

Luke 24

The Empty Tomb and Angelic Message

1 Now on the first day of the week, at early dawn, the women went to the tomb, taking the aromatic spices they had prepared.2 They found that the stone had been rolled away from the tomb,3 but when they went in, they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus.4 While they were perplexed about this, suddenly two men stood beside them in dazzling attire.5 The women were terribly frightened and bowed their faces to the ground, but the men said to them, "Why do you look for the living among the dead?6 He is not here, but has been raised! Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee,7 that the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and on the third day rise again."8 Then the women remembered his words,9 and when they returned from the tomb they told all these things to the eleven and to all the rest.10 Now it was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and the other women with them who told these things to the apostles.11 But these words seemed like pure nonsense to them, and they did not believe them.12 But Peter got up and ran to the tomb. He bent down and saw only the strips of linen cloth; then he went home, wondering what had happened.

  • The chapter begins on "the first day of the week" (Sunday), establishing the day of Christian worship, marking the new creation initiated by the resurrection.
  • The women's intention to anoint Jesus' body shows their devotion but also their lack of expectation regarding the resurrection, despite Jesus' predictions.
  • The rolled-away stone and missing body are the first physical evidences presented, prompting confusion rather than immediate faith.
  • The "two men in dazzling attire" are angels, common messengers of divine revelation in Luke-Acts (Luke 1:11, Acts 1:10). Their appearance signifies a momentous divine event.
  • The angels' question, "Why do you look for the living among the dead?" gently rebukes their lack of faith and redirects their focus from death to life.
  • The core message is the resurrection announcement: "He is not here, but has risen!" This is the central claim of Christianity.
  • The angels remind the women of Jesus' own predictions (Luke 9:22, 18:31-33), emphasizing that the resurrection fulfills Jesus' predetermined plan.
  • The women's remembrance of Jesus' words marks a turning point from confusion to understanding, prompting their witness.
  • The apostles' initial reaction is disbelief ("pure nonsense"), highlighting the extraordinary nature of the resurrection claim and the skepticism even among Jesus' closest followers.
  • Peter's investigation confirms the women's report of the empty tomb and linen cloths but leaves him "wondering," indicating incomplete understanding without a direct encounter with the risen Christ.
Jesus Appears on the Road to Emmaus

13 Now that very day two of them were on their way to a village called Emmaus, about seven miles from Jerusalem.14 They were talking to each other about all the things that had happened.15 While they were talking and debating these things, Jesus himself approached and began to accompany them16 (but their eyes were kept from recognizing him).17 Then he said to them, "What are these matters you are discussing so intently as you walk along?" And they stood still, looking sad.18 Then one of them, named Cleopas, answered him, "Are you the only visitor to Jerusalem who doesn't know the things that have happened there in these days?"19 He said to them, "What things?" The things concerning Jesus the Nazarene, they replied, a man who, with his powerful deeds and words, proved to be a prophet before God and all the people;20 and how our chief priests and leaders handed him over to be condemned to death, and crucified him.21 But we had hoped that he was the one who was going to redeem Israel. Not only this, but it is now the third day since these things happened.22 Furthermore, some women of our group amazed us. They were at the tomb early this morning,23 and when they did not find his body, they came back and said they had seen a vision of angels, who said he was alive.24 Then some of those who were with us went to the tomb, and found it just as the women had said, but they did not see him."25 So he said to them, "You foolish people -how slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken!26 Wasn't it necessary for the Christ to suffer these things and enter into his glory?"27 Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them the things written about himself in all the scriptures.

  • This encounter occurs on the same day as the resurrection, emphasizing the immediacy of Jesus' post-resurrection appearances.
  • Emmaus's location is uncertain, but the journey provides a narrative space for extended dialogue and teaching.
  • The disciples' conversation reveals their focus on the recent traumatic events in Jerusalem, particularly Jesus' crucifixion.
  • Jesus joins them unrecognized, a recurring theme in post-resurrection appearances (John 20:14, 21:4), perhaps indicating a change in his appearance or their spiritual blindness.
  • Their sadness ("looking sad") shows their dashed hopes and lack of understanding regarding the resurrection reports.
  • Cleopas's response highlights the public nature of Jesus' ministry and death. Their description of Jesus as "a prophet" is accurate but incomplete.
  • Their hope that Jesus would "redeem Israel" likely focused on political/national liberation, showing a misunderstanding of his messianic role.
  • They recount the women's testimony and Peter's confirmation of the empty tomb but remain unconvinced because they "did not see him."
  • Jesus rebukes their slowness to believe the prophetic scriptures concerning the Messiah's necessary suffering and subsequent glory. This connects the cross and resurrection to Old Testament prophecy.
  • Jesus provides a comprehensive biblical theology lesson ("Moses and all the Prophets"), demonstrating that his suffering and resurrection were the fulfillment of God's plan revealed throughout the Old Testament.
Jesus Revealed in the Breaking of Bread

28 So they approached the village where they were going. He acted as though he wanted to go farther,29 but they urged him, "Stay with us, because it is getting toward evening and the day is almost done." So he went in to stay with them.30 When he had taken his place at the table with them, he took the bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it to them.31 At this point their eyes were opened and they recognized him. Then he vanished out of their sight.32 They said to each other, "Didn't our hearts burn within us while he was speaking with us on the road, while he was explaining the scriptures to us?"33 So they got up that very hour and returned to Jerusalem. They found the eleven and those with them gathered together34 and saying, "The Lord has really risen, and has appeared to Simon!"35 Then they told what had happened on the road, and how they recognized him when he broke the bread.

  • Jesus' acting "as if he were going farther" tests the disciples' hospitality and desire for his continued presence.
  • Their urging ("Stay with us") reflects the impact his teaching had already made on them, even before recognition.
  • The setting shifts to a meal, a common context for fellowship and revelation in Luke's Gospel (e.g., Luke 5:29, 14:1).
  • Jesus takes the role of the host: taking, blessing, breaking, and giving the bread. These actions echo the Last Supper (Luke 22:19) and the feeding miracles.
  • The moment of recognition occurs specifically "in the breaking of the bread," suggesting a sacramental or deeply symbolic significance connected to Jesus' self-sacrifice.
  • Their eyes being "opened" signifies spiritual enlightenment coinciding with physical recognition. Jesus' immediate vanishing emphasizes the supernatural nature of his resurrected state.
  • The "burning hearts" retrospectively confirm the power and truth of Jesus' scriptural exposition on the road. It signifies the inner witness of the Holy Spirit confirming the Word.
  • Their immediate return to Jerusalem, despite the late hour and distance, shows their urgency and joy in sharing the news.
  • They find the Jerusalem disciples already buzzing with the news of Jesus' appearance to Simon Peter (mentioned also in 1 Cor 15:5), corroborating the resurrection reality.
  • The Emmaus disciples add their testimony, highlighting both the scriptural explanation and the revelation through the breaking of bread as key elements in recognizing the risen Christ.
Jesus Appears to the Disciples in Jerusalem

36 While they were saying these things, Jesus himself stood among them and said to them, "Peace be with you."37 But they were startled and terrified, thinking they saw a ghost.38 Then he said to them, "Why are you frightened, and why do doubts arise in your hearts?39 Look at my hands and my feet; it's me! Touch me and see; a ghost does not have flesh and bones like you see I have."40 When he had said this, he showed them his hands and his feet.41 And while they still could not believe it (because of their joy) and were amazed, he said to them, "Do you have anything here to eat?"42 So they gave him a piece of broiled fish,43 and he took it and ate it in front of them.

  • Jesus' sudden appearance ("stood among them") despite likely locked doors (cf. John 20:19) demonstrates the nature of his resurrected body.
  • His greeting, "{{Peace be with you,}}" is a standard Jewish greeting but carries profound theological weight after his death and resurrection, offering reconciliation and assurance.
  • The disciples' fear and assumption they saw a "ghost" (Greek: *pneuma*) reveal their continued struggle to grasp the physical reality of the resurrection.
  • Jesus addresses their fear and doubts directly, inviting empirical proof: visual ("Look") and tactile ("Touch me").
  • He emphasizes the physicality of his resurrection body ("flesh and bones"), countering any notion of a purely spiritual or phantom appearance. Luke uniquely mentions "flesh and bones" rather than "flesh and blood," perhaps avoiding association with the perishable nature of blood (Lev 17:11) or emphasizing substance.
  • Showing his hands and feet likely pointed to the crucifixion wounds, identifying him as the same Jesus who was crucified (cf. John 20:20, 27).
  • Their continued disbelief, now mixed with "joy and amazement," shows the overwhelming and unprecedented nature of the event.
  • Jesus eating fish serves as further tangible proof of his physical resurrection, demonstrating he is not a disembodied spirit and can interact with the physical world. This act also echoes post-resurrection meals in John 21.
Jesus' Final Instructions and Commission

44 Then he said to them, "These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the law of Moses and the prophets and the psalms must be fulfilled."45 Then he opened their minds so they could understand the scriptures,46 and said to them, "Thus it stands written that the Christ would suffer and would rise from the dead on the third day,47 and repentance for the forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem.48 You are witnesses of these things.49 And look, I am sending you what my Father promised. But stay in the city until you have been clothed with power from on high."

  • Jesus connects his post-resurrection teaching to his pre-crucifixion words, emphasizing consistency and fulfillment.
  • He reiterates the necessity of fulfilling Old Testament prophecies, specifically mentioning the three divisions of the Hebrew Bible: Law (Torah), Prophets (Nevi'im), and Psalms (representing the Writings, Ketuvim).
  • Jesus supernaturally "opened their minds," enabling spiritual comprehension of the scriptures, a necessary act beyond mere intellectual study. This contrasts with the Emmaus disciples' hearts burning (affective) and points to cognitive understanding granted by Christ.
  • He summarizes the core scriptural message: the Messiah's necessary suffering, death, and resurrection.
  • He commissions the disciples with the central message of the gospel: proclaiming repentance and forgiveness of sins through his name (authority and person).
  • This mission is universal ("to all nations") but has a specific starting point ("beginning from Jerusalem"), setting the stage for the geographical progression in Acts.
  • The disciples are designated as "witnesses," not just observers, but authorized testifiers to these events and their significance.
  • Jesus promises the Holy Spirit ("the promise of my Father," "power from on high"), linking back to Old Testament prophecies (Joel 2:28-29) and his own teachings (John 14-16).
  • The command to "stay in the city" (Jerusalem) until the Spirit comes is crucial, indicating their empowerment for witness is dependent on the Spirit's arrival (Pentecost, Acts 2).
The Ascension

50 Then Jesus led them out as far as Bethany, and lifting up his hands, he blessed them.51 Now during the blessing he departed and was taken up into heaven.52 So they worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy,53 and were continually in the temple courts blessing God.

  • The location shifts to the vicinity of Bethany, on the Mount of Olives (cf. Acts 1:12), a place significant in Jesus' final week.
  • Jesus' final act on earth is blessing his disciples, a priestly action signifying the bestowal of God's favor and grace for their mission.
  • The ascension ("departed from them and was taken up into heaven") marks the culmination of Jesus' earthly ministry and his exaltation to the Father's right hand. Luke provides the most detailed accounts of the ascension (here and Acts 1:9-11).
  • The ascension signifies Jesus' enthronement and the beginning of his heavenly reign and intercession (Heb 7:25).
  • The disciples' response is markedly different from their earlier fear and doubt: they now worship Jesus (acknowledging his divinity) and experience "great joy."
  • Their return to Jerusalem fulfills Jesus' command (Luke 24:49).
  • Their continuous presence in the temple courts, "blessing God," shows their joyful obedience and anticipation of the promised Holy Spirit, positioning them at the heart of Jewish religious life as they await the birth of the Church. This ending provides a seamless transition to the Book of Acts.

The Scriptures quoted are from the NET Bible® https://netbible.org copyright ©1996, 2019 used with permission from Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. All rights reserved

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